Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
4
Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sudr, South Sinai, Egypt
Abstract
Nanoparticles represent a recent field of study and research in many areas of life, like diagnostics, healthcare, electronics, engineering, drug delivery, food, transport, telecommunication, environmental protection, & many other fields. There are physical, chemical, and biological approaches for nanoparticle formation, however, biological, or green approaches are favored since they are non-toxic, eco-friendly, and reliable methods. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is done by plants and microbes. Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles is superior to synthesis by plants for many reasons since they grow quickly, capable of growing at room temperature, pressure, and pH values, and easiness of cultivation. The bioproduced nanoparticles have numerous uses in different areas, for example the medicinal field as drug and gene delivery agents, cancer therapy, gene therapy, tissue engineering, antibacterial agents, and many other applications. Nanoparticles can also be exploited in food and agriculture such as postharvest management, animal health, food packaging, and pesticides. Additionally, nanoparticles can be used in electronics such as printed electronics which use functional inks containing nanoparticles, as well as in the environment for bioremediation, water treatment, pollution monitoring sensors, and other uses. The present review article investigates recent nanoparticle synthesis approaches using microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, and viruses. This review article also discusses the different uses of nanoparticles, in addition to some of the current remarks in the microbial synthesis of nanoparticles to increase its accuracy, reproducibility, and productivity to be suitable for large-scale production.
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