Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Pharmaceutical Analytical chemistry department, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt
2
Pharmaceutical analytical chemistry department, Ain shams university, Cairo, Egypt
3
Prof of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Abstract
Nowadays, applying green analytical principles in analytical chemistry without affecting the figures of merit is challenging to perform. One of the most important factors that contribute to greening an analytical method is to avoid the use of hazardous solvents and the tendency to use what is so-called green solvents since most of the chromatographic methods depend on using hazardous solvents. In this work, a green reversed-phase HPLC/DAD method has been developed for the simultaneous detection of three emerging contaminants in environmental water samples that have a highly negative impact on the environment. The simultaneous determination of the three emerging contaminants including diclofenac, carbamazepine, and triclosan, carried out in two different types of water samples, was achieved on Atlantis T3 RP C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm i.d×5 µm) using a green isocratic mobile phase; ethanol: water (85:15, v/v) pumped at a flow rate 0.8 mLmin-1. The linear concentration ranges obtained were 20-1000 ng.mL-1, 60-1000 ng.mL-1 and 60-2000 ng.mL-1 for diclofenac, carbamazepine, and triclosan respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were (3.66, 11.09), (7.51, 22.75) and (7.22, 21.88) ng.mL-1 for diclofenac, carbamazepine, and triclosan, respectively. The method was validated by the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Finally, two evaluation tools known as Analytical Eco-scale and Green analytical procedure index were adopted to evaluate the greenness of the proposed method. A comparison between the obtained results and the published results was carried out and no significant differences were found.
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