ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and in vitro safety of the methanolic extract of Streptomyces manipurensis soil isolate H21 for potential industrial applications
Streptomyces manipurensis isolate H21 was recovered from a soil sample in Cairo, Egypt. Cell-free culture supernatant of Streptomyces manipurensis isolate H21 previously showed antifungal and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive, Gram-negative, MDR, and ESBL producer pathogens as well as some reference strains. The present study aimed at investigating antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of its crude methanolic extract. The antibacterial activity of the crude methanolic extract was determined using broth-dilution method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 700324, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-1705 and 2 MDR uropathogens. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of the crude extract against the tested bacteria were in the range of 5-10 mg/mL and 10 mg/mL, respectively. The results revealed that the CD50 value of the extract was 1.17 mg/mL, against Caco-2 cell line, indicating in vitro safety and low cytotoxicity. Accordingly, Streptomyces manipurensis isolate H21 would be an excellent source of relatively safe and potent antibacterial agent.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29011_bb36b4f63bf9e9a264a12e06ec1d6e1f.pdf
2019-06-01
1
10
10.21608/aps.2019.20201
Streptomyces manipurensis
agar well diffusion
MIC
MBC
MTT assay
Yomna
Elkholy
yomnanagy@gmail.com
1
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
Walid
Elkhatib
walid-elkhatib@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khaled
Aboshanab
aboshanab2012@pharma.asu.edu.eg
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Aboulwafa
maboulwafa@yahoo.com
4
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
Nadia
Hassouna
nadiahassouna46@gmail.com
5
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antifungal resistance and predominance of virulence determinants among Candida albicans isolated from various clinical specimens
Candida albicans remains the most common cause of hospital-acquired fungal infections due to its virulence determinants. Resistance to antifungal therapy has increased dramatically, narrowing the few available therapeutic options due to their potential toxicity. However, the association between C. albicans virulence determinants and resistance profiles needs further investigation. C. albicans (n= 25) isolated from various clinical samples were identified. Antibiogram analysis of the tested isolates against different antifungal agents was performed and their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were verified. Virulence determinants including extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, biofilm formation, and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) were investigated. Correlations between virulence determinants and resistance profiles of the experimented isolates, in addition to their potential association with the source of clinical specimens, were analyzed. All isolates were amphotericin B, nystatin and micafungin sensitive, while 100% were clotrimazole, fluconazole and voriconazole resistant. Extracellular hydrolytic activities were detected in 52, 68 and 100% of the tested isolates for phospholipase, protease, and hemolysin, respectively, while CSH and biofilm production was shown in 24 and 20% of isolates, respectively. CSH had significant (p < /em> < 0.05) positive as well as negative associations with amphotericin B and fluconazole MICs, respectively. Source of clinical isolates showed significant (p < /em> < 0.05) influence on some resistance and virulence patterns.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29012_181bd45ec15a7d4988177a9fc5b69da7.pdf
2019-06-01
11
20
10.21608/aps.2019.20210
Candida albicans
resistance
Virulence
correlation
source
Houdaii
El-Houssaini
houdaii.housam@hu.edu.eg
1
Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Road, El Horreya P.O 11788, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Walid
Elkhatib
walid-elkhatib@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Omnia
Elnabawy
dr_omniamohamed@yahoo.com
3
Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia square, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hebatallah
Nasser
heba.nasser@hu.edu.eg
4
Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Cairo-Belbeis Road, El Horreya P.O 11788, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
1. Mayer FL, Wilson D, Hube B. Candida albicans pathogenicity mechanisms. Virulence. 2013; 4: 119-128.
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2
3. Lai CC, Wang CY, Liu WL, Huang YT, Hsueh PR. Time to positivity of blood cultures of different Candida species causing fungaemia. J Med Microbiol. 2012; 61(5): 701-704.
3
4. Ells R, Kilian W, Hugo A, Albertyn J, Kock JL, Pohl CH. Virulence of South African Candida albicans strains isolated from different clinical samples. Med Mycol. 2014; 52(3): 246-253.
4
5. Ramage G, Rajendran R, Sherry L, Williams C. Fungal biofilm resistance. Int J Microbiol. 2012; 2012: 1-14.
5
6. Basma R, Barada G, Ojaimi N, Khalaf RA. Susceptibility of Candida albicans to common and novel antifungal drugs, and relationship between the mating type locus and resistance, in Lebanese hospital isolates. Mycoses. 2009; 52(2): 141-148.
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10. El-Houssaini HH, Elnabawy OM, Nasser HA, Elkhatib WF. Correlation between antifungal resistance and virulence factors in Candida albicans recovered from vaginal specimens. Microb Pathog. 2018; 128:13-19.
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21. Brilhante RSN, Bittencourt PV, de Souza Collares Castelo‐Branco D, de Melo Guedes GM, de Oliveira JS, Alencar LP, et al. Biofilms of Candida spp. from the ocular conjunctiva of horses with reduced azole susceptibility: a complicating factor for the treatment of keratomycosis? Vet Ophthalmol. 2017;20: 539-546.
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25. Pfaller MA, Messer SA, Diekema DJ, Jones RN, Castanheira M. Use of micafungin as a surrogate marker to predict susceptibility and resistance to caspofungin among 3,764 clinical isolates of Candida by use of CLSI methods and interpretive criteria. J Clin Microbiol. 2014; 52(1): 108-114.
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34. Pannanusorn S, Fernandez V, Römling U. Prevalence of biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Candida species causing bloodstream infection. Mycoses. 2013: 56(3): 264-272.
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Diverse origins of microbial L-asparaginases and their current miscellaneous applications
L-asparaginase, also known as amidohydrolase, catalyzes the breakdown of asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia. Due to its ability to inhibit the biosynthesis of protein lymphoblasts, it is used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). It also has other applications in the food industry by preventing the formation of acrylamide. Different organisms including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and plants produce L-asparaginase. This review highlights different applications of L-asparaginase in the industrial fields, the major sources of L-asparaginase, its immunological reactions and production techniques through the solid state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation as well as optimization of the production process.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29013_71b9b7bae132aa82985c2b841bafb030.pdf
2019-06-01
21
36
10.21608/aps.2019.20220
L-asparaginase
Characterization
Optimization
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Nada
Abdelrazek
nada.anwar@fue.edu.eg
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Walid
Elkhatib
walid-elkhatib@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Marwa
Raafat
marwa.mahmoud@fue.edu.eg
3
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Aboulwafa
maboulwafa@yahoo.com
4
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University
AUTHOR
1. Nigam PS. Microbial enzymes with special characteristics for biotechnological applications. Biomolecules. 2013; 3(3):597-611.
1
2. Periasamy Anbu, Subash CB Gopinath, Arzu Coleri Cihan, Bidur Prasad Chaulagain. Microbial enzymes and their applications in industries and medicine. Biomed Res int. 2013; 2013:1-13.
2
3. Anbu P, S.C.B. Gopinath, A.C. Cihan, B.P. Chaulagain. Strategies to characterize fungal lipases for applications in medicine and dairy industry. Biomed Res int. 2013:1-2.
3
4. Sinha R, Singh HR, Jha SK. Microbial L-asparaginase: present and future prospective. Int J Innov Res Sci Eng. 2013; 2(11):7031-51.
4
5. Bansal S, Srivastava A, Mukherjee G, Pandey R, Verma AK, Mishra P, et al. Hyperthermophilic asparaginase mutants with enhanced substrate affinity and antineoplastic activity: structural insights on their mechanism of action. FASEB J. 2012; 26(3):1161-71.
5
6. Piatkowska-Jakubas B, Krawczyk-Kuliś M, Giebel S, Adamczyk-Cioch M, Czyz A, Lech ME, et al. Use of L-asparaginase in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: recommendations of the Polish Adult Leukemia Group. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2008;118(11):664-9.
6
7. Krishnapura PR, Belur PD, Subramanya S. A critical review on properties and applications of microbial l-asparaginases. Crit Revi Microbiol. 2016;42(5):720-37.
7
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9
10. Souza PM, de Freitas MM, Cardoso SL, Pessoa A, Guerra ENS, Magalhães PO. Optimization and purification of l-asparaginase from fungi: A systematic review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;120:194-202.
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102
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to discovery of advanced selective Bcl-2 family inhibitors
Cancer is a genetic disease characterized by two features: unregulated cell growth and tissue invasion (metastasis). It can be viewed as the result of a succession of genetic changes during which a normal cell is transformed into a malignant one. Evasion of cell death, apoptosis, is one of the essential changes in a cell that cause this malignant transformation. Hence, reduced apoptosis or its resistance plays a vital role in carcinogenesis. The Bcl-2 family of proteins regulates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Disease states arise upon deregulation of the Bcl-2 family of proteins, where cell death is either promoted or evaded; one of the most common tactic cancer cells utilize to promote survival is anti-apoptotic protein overexpression. Specifically, Bcl-2 overexpression has been shown to be a major chemoresistance factor in a number of human cancers, and for this reason, Bcl-2 targeting is a pharmacologic priority in the quest to reactivate cell death for therapeutic benefit in cancer.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29016_16f153d01e59a86a53c1dff39900c5e9.pdf
2019-06-01
37
54
10.21608/aps.2019.20225
apoptosis
Bcl-2
Extrinsic pathway
Intrinsic pathway
Caspase
BH3
Samaa
Abbas
samaa.helmy@pharma.asu.edu.eg
1
Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ASU, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nermin
Abdou
nerminsamir@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
Deena
Lasheen
deenalasheen@pharma.asu.edu.eg
3
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
Dalal
Abou El Ella
dalal999@hotmail.com
4
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Nahda University, Beni sweif, Egypt
AUTHOR
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71
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Enhancing dissolution of artesunate from immediate release tablets using a green granulation technique
Artesunate is a poorly soluble drug and liable to aqueous hydrolysis. This study aims to formulate Artesunate as an immediate release tablet through optimization of the melt granulation technique to improve the dissolution of the drug. Three different meltable binders were used (Polyethylene Glycol PEG 6000, Poloxamer 188 and Gelucire 50/13) for granulation step in high shear mixer prior tablets compression step applying Box-Behnken experimental design to determine the significant variables and their interactions that impact dissolution of Artesunate. Optimization mathematical models showed that by increasing binder concentration, D50 was increased, and narrow particle size distribution with minimum fines percentage was produced. Higher binder concentration and impeller speed resulted in retarding tablets dissolution. PEG 6000 and Poloxamer 188 based tablets showed faster disintegration and dissolution than Gelucire 50/13 based tablets, as well as tablets prepared by wet granulation due to hydrophilic pore forming. Melt granulation technique using a low level of PEG 6000 and Poloxamer 188 not only enhanced the dissolution of Artesunate from their immediate release tablets in comparison to traditional wet granulation technique but also maintained the stability of the product under accelerated conditions of heat and moisture.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29018_5fd5ebcb22fe6dde544133c10d98a45a.pdf
2019-06-01
55
77
10.21608/aps.2019.20230
pore-forming
crystalline
Box-Behnken design
hot melt granulation
modeling
Dissolution
Akram
Bashir
akram740@hotmail.com
1
research and development department - Eipico -10th of Ramadan City- alsharquia-Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
sameh
abd-elhamid
sameh.abdel-hamid@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Alia
Badawi
aliabadawi@yahoo.com
3
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Geneidi
ahmed.genedy@pharma.asu.edu.eg
4
Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
1. Campisi B, Vojnovic D, Chicco D, Phan-Tan-Luu R. Melt granulation in a high shear mixer: optimization of mixture and process variables using a combined experimental design. Chemometrics and intelligent laboratory systems 1999; 48:59-70.
1
2. Kukec S, Dreu R, Vrbanec T, Srcic S, Vrecer F. Characterization of agglomerated carvedilol by hot-melt processes in a fluid bed and high shear granulator. Int J Pharm 2012; 430:74-85.
2
3. Passerini N, Calogera G, Albertini B, Rodriguez L. Melt granulation of pharmaceutical powders: a comparison of the high-shear mixer and fluidized bed processes. Int J Pharm 2010; 391:177-86.
3
4. Walker GM, Andrews G, Jones D. Effect of process parameters on the melt granulation of pharmaceutical powders. Powder Technology 2006; 165:161-6.
4
5. Walker GM, Holland CR, Ahmad MMN, Craig DQM. Influence of process parameters on fluidized hot-melt granulation and tablet pressing of pharmaceutical powders. Chemical Engineering Science 2005; 60:3867-77.
5
6. Zidan AS, Ebeed M, Elghamry H, Badawy A. Nicotinamide pelletization by fluidized hot melt granulation: L18 Hunter design to screen high-risk variables. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:83-95.
6
7. Masic I, Ilic I, Dreu R, Ibric S, Parojcic J, Duric Z. An investigation into the effect of formulation variables and process parameters on characteristics of granules obtained by in situ fluidized hot melt granulation. Int J Pharm 2012; 423:202-12.
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8. Passerini N, Albertini B, Perissutti B, Rodriguez L. Evaluation of melt granulation and ultrasonic spray congealing as techniques to enhance the dissolution of praziquantel. Int J Pharm 2006; 318:92-102.
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9. Yang D, Kulkarni R, Behme RJ, Kotiyan PN. Effect of the melt granulation technique on the dissolution characteristics of griseofulvin. Int J Pharm 2007; 329:72-80.
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10. Treffer D, Wahl PR, Hormann TR, Mark D, Schrank S, Jones I, et al. In-line implementation of an image-based particle size measurement tool to monitor hot-melt extruded pellets. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:181-9.
10
11. Evrard B, Amighi K, Beten D, Delattre L, Moës AJ. Influence of Melting and Rheological Properties of Fatty Binders on the Melt Granulation Process in a High-Shear Mixer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999; 25:1177-84.
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12. Kowalski J, Kalb O, Joshi YM, Serajuddin AT. Application of melt granulation technology to enhance the stability of a moisture sensitive immediate-release drug product. Int J Pharm 2009; 381:56-61.
12
13. Mohsin S, Idrees MA, Sarfraz MK, Khan MK, Mustafa G. Suitability of Gelucire 50/13 for controlled release formulation of salbutamol sulfate. Pak J Pharm Sci 2012; 25:35-41.
13
14. Schaefer T, Holm P, Kristensen H. Melt pelletization in a high shear mixer. II: Power consumption and granule growth. Acta Pharm Nord 1992; 4:141-8.
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15. Walker G, Bell S, Vann M, Zhai H, Jones D, Andrews G. Pharmaceutically Engineering Powders Using FHMG. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2007; 85:981-6.
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16. Pauli-Bruns A, Knop K, Lippold BC. Preparation of sustained release matrix pellets by melt agglomeration in the fluidized bed: influence of formulation variables and modeling of agglomerate growth. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 74:503-12.
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17. Parikh DM. Handbook of pharmaceutical granulation technology. 2nd ed: CRC Press; 2009.
17
18. Passerini N, Albertini B, González-Rodrı́guez ML, Cavallari C, Rodriguez L. Preparation and characterization of ibuprofen–poloxamer 188 granules obtained by melt granulation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2002; 15:71-8.
18
19. Perissutti B, Rubessa F, Moneghini M, Voinovich D. Formulation design of carbamazepine fast-release tablets prepared by melt granulation technique. Int J Pharm 2003; 256:53-63.
19
20. Seo A, Holm P, Kristensen HG, Schæfer T. The preparation of agglomerates containing solid dispersions of diazepam by melt agglomeration in a high shear mixer. Int J Pharm 2003; 259:161-71.
20
21. Agnihotri J, Sobhna S, Papiya B. Formal chemical stability analysis and solubility analysis of artesunate and hydroxychloroquine for development of parenteral dosage form. J Pharm Res 2013; 6:117-22.
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22. Lawal A, Umar R, Abubakar M, Faruk U, Wali U. FTIR and UV-Visible spectrophotometric analyses of artemisinin and its derivatives. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences 2012; 24:6-14.
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23. Masiiwa WL, Gadaga LL. Intestinal Permeability of Artesunate-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles Using the Everted Gut Method. Journal of drug delivery 2018.
23
24. Kauss T, Fawaz F, Guyot M, Lagueny AM, Dos Santos I, Bonini F, et al. Fixed artesunate-amodiaquine combined pre-formulation study for the treatment of malaria. Int J Pharm 2010:198-204.
24
25. Kumar S, Chandra D, Singh R, Singh VK, Rai U, Srivastava VP. Bioavailability enhancement of artesunate using solid dispersion techniques. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences 2013; 3:1578-95.
25
26. Okwelogu C, Clark B, de Matas M, Ifudu D, Igwilo C, Silva B, et al. Design of a fixed-dose pediatric combination of artesunate and amodiaquine hydrochloride. Int J Pharm 2010; 387:19-25.
26
27. Madhvi K, Mehta K, Vadalia KR, Jay C, Sandip K. Design and development of co-processed excipients for fast dissolving tablets of Irbesartan by melt agglomeration technique. Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation 2014; 45:163-86.
27
28. Voinovich D, Moneghini M, Perissutti B, Franceschinis E. Melt pelletization in a high shear mixer using a hydrophobic melt binder: influence of some apparatus and process variables. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2001; 52:305-13.
28
29. Pawar JN, Shete RT, Gangurde AB, Moravkar KK, Javier SD, Jaiswar DR, et al. Development of amorphous dispersions of artemether with hydrophilic polymers via spray drying: Physicochemical and in silico studies. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2016; 11:385-95.
29
30. Ansari MT, Haneef M, Murtaza G. Solid dispersions of artemisinin in polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol. Adv Clin Exp Med 2010; 19:745-54.
30
31. Sruti J, Patra CN, Swain S, Panigrahi KC, Patro AP, Beg S, et al. Improvement in the dissolution rate and tableting properties of cefuroxime axetil by melt-granulated dispersion and surface adsorption. Acta Pharm Sin B 2013; 3:113-22.
31
32. Rowe RC, Sheskey PJ, Quinn M. Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients–7th edition. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 18:544.
32
33. Cavallari C, Fini A, Ceschel G. Design of olanzapine/lutrol solid dispersions of improved stability and performances. Pharmaceutics 2013; 5:570-90.
33
34. da Fonseca Antunes AB, De Geest BG, Vervaet C, Remon JP. Gelucire 44/14 based immediate release formulations for poorly
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Microwave-assisted extraction of the gallic acid biomarker from Acacia arabica bark followed by HPLC analysis
An efficient and fast microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed for extracting gallic acid as an indicative biomarker for the quality control of Acacia arabica bark. The MAE technique was optimized and compared with other conventional extraction techniques. The optimal conditions of MAE were 20% methanol as solvent, solid/liquid ratio 1:40 (g/mL), irradiation power 20% and two extraction cycles, 5 min each. The proposed extraction technique produced a maximum yield of 10.59 (mg/g) gallic acid in 10 min, which was 1.03 and 1.15 times more efficient than 6 h of heat reflux and 24 h of maceration extraction, respectively. This high yield, along with saving of time, energy, and solvent would position MAE as a valuable and cost-effective technology suitable for today's highly competitive industries, with growing demand for increased productivity, improved efficiency, and reduced cycle time. Moreover, a new high-performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the determination of gallic acid in Acacia arabica bark extract. The method was found to be rapid, sensitive, accurate, precise, and robust. The method showed good linearity over concentration range 1-100 (µg/mL) with LOD 16.08 (ng/mL) and LOQ 48.73 (ng/mL). The average recovery obtained using standard addition technique was 100.36% with a low value of RSD% (1.19%) indicating the accuracy of the proposed method for determination of gallic acid in Acacia arabica bark extract.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29020_14134cffe5bb1ce0200e8ee4a5d5f27e.pdf
2019-06-01
78
89
10.21608/aps.2019.20240
Microwave-assisted extraction
Gallic acid
Acacia arabica
HPLC
Hend
Yamani
hend.z.yamani@pharma.asu.edu.eg
1
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Lobna
Hussein
lobna.analytical@yahoo.com
2
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
Maha
Abdel Ghany
drmahafarouk@yahoo.com
3
Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
AUTHOR
1. Ali A, Akhtar N, Khan BA, Khan M S, Rasul A, Shahiq-UZ-Zaman, Khalid N, Waseem K, Mahmood T, Ali L. Acacia nilotica: A plant of multipurpose medicinal uses. J Med Plant Res 2012; 6:1492-6.
1
2. Punithavathi VR, Prince PS M, Kumar R, Selvakumari J. Antihyperglycaemic, anti-lipid peroxidative and antioxidant effects of gallic acid on streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Eur. J. Pharmacol 2011; 650:465-471.
2
3. Yen GC, Duh PD, Tsai H L. Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of ascorbic acid and gallic acid. Food Chem. 2002; 79: 307-313.
3
4. You BR, Moon, HJ, Han, YH, Park, WH. Gallic acid inhibits the growth of HeLa cervical cancer cells via apoptosis and/or necrosis. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2010; 48:1334-1340.
4
5. Yoon CH, Chung SJ, Lee SW, Park YB, Lee SK, Park, MC. Gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic acid, induces apoptosis and inhibits proinflammatory gene expressions in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 80:274–279.
5
6. Kim YJ. Antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of gallic acid. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2007; 30:1052-1055.
6
7. Kang MS, Oh JS, Kang IC, Hong SJ, Choi CH. Inhibitory effect of methyl gallate and gallic acid on oral bacteria. J Microbiology. 2008; 46:744-750.
7
8. Kratz JM, Andrighetti-Fröhner C R, Leal P C, Nunes R J, Yunes R A, Trybala E, Bergström T, Barardi C R, Simões CM O. Evaluation of anti-HSV-2 activity of gallic acid and pentyl gallate. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2008; 31: 903-907.
8
9. Mansouri MT, Farbood Y, Sameri MJ, Sarkaki A, Naghizadeh B, Rafeirad M. Neuroprotective effects of oral gallic acid against oxidative stress induced by 6-hydroxydopamine in rats. Food Chem. 2012; 138:1028-1033
9
10. Priscilla DH, Prince P. Cardioprotective effect of gallic acid on cardiac troponin-T, cardiac marker enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants in experimentally induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. Chem. Biol. Interact.2009; 179:118-124.
10
11. Sasidharan S, Chen Y, Saravanan D, Sundaram KM, Latha LY. Extraction, isolation, and characterization of bioactive compounds from plant's extracts. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2011; 8:1-10.
11
12. Nyiredy S. Separation strategies of plant constituents–current status. J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl. 2004; 812:35-51.
12
13. Luque de Castro MD, Garcı́a-Ayuso LE, Soxhlet extraction of solid materials: an outdated technique with a promising innovative future, Anal. Chim. Acta. 1998; 369:1-10.
13
14. Mandal V, Dewanjee S, Mandal SC. Microwave-assisted extraction of total bioactive saponin fraction from Gymnema sylvestre with reference to gymnemagenin: a potential biomarker. Phytochem Anal. 2009; 20:491-497.
14
15. Mandal V, Mohan Y, Hemalatha S. Microwave-assisted extraction – an innovative and promising extraction tool for medicinal plant research. Pharmacogn Rev. 2007; 1:7-18.
15
16. Yan M M, Liu W, Fu YJ, Zu YG, Chen CY, Luo M. Optimisation of the microwave-assisted extraction process for four main astragalosides in Radix Astragali. Food Chem. 2010; 119:1663-1670.
16
17. Fang X, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhao Q, Zheng Z, Song Z. Simultaneous extraction of hydrosoluble phenolic acids and liposoluble tanshinones from Salviae miltiorrhizae radix by an optimized microwave-assisted extraction method. Sep Purif Technol. 2012; 86:149-156.
17
18. Wakte PS, Sachin BS, Patil AA, Mohato DM, Band TH, Shinde DB. Optimization of microwave, ultra-sonic and supercritical carbon dioxide assisted extraction techniques for curcumin from Curcuma longa. Sep Purif Technol. 2011; 79: 50-55.
18
19. Hayat K, Hussain S, Abbas S, Farooq U, Ding B, Xia S, Jia C, Zhang X, Xia W. Optimized microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic acids from citrus mandarin peels and evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro. Sep Purif Technol. 2009; 70: 63-70.
19
20. Madej K. Microwave-assisted and cloud-point extraction in the determination of drugs and other bioactive compounds, Trends Analyt Chem. 2009; 28:436-446.
20
24. Stationery Office. British Pharmacopoeia 2010. London: UK.
21
25. Letellier M, Budzinski H, Charrier L, Capes S, Dorthe AM. Optimization by factorial design of focused microwave-assisted extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from marine sediment. Fresenius J Anal Chem 1999; 364: 228-237.
22
26. Fulzele DP, Satdive RK. Comparison of techniques for the extraction of the anti-cancer drug camptothecin from Nothapodytes foetida. J Chromatogr 2005; 1063:9-13.
23
27. Waksmundzka-Hajnos M, Petruczynik A, Dragan A, Wianowska D, Dawidowicz AL, Sowa I. Influence of the extraction mode on the yield of some furanocoumarins from Pastinaca sativa fruits. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2004; 800: 181-187.
24
28. Zhang B, Yang R, Liu C Z. Microwave-assisted extraction of chlorogenic acid from flower buds of Lonicera japonica Thunb. Sep Purif Technol 2008; 62:480-483.
25
29. Wang Y L, Xi G, Zheng Y, Miao F. Microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Chinese herb Radix puerariae (Ge Gen). J Med Plant Res 2010; 4:304-308.
26
30. Chen L, Jin H, Ding L, Zhang H, Li J, Qu C, Zhang H. Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction of flavonoids from Herba Epimedii. Sep Purif Technol 2008; 59:50-57.
27
31. Sparr Eskilsson C, Björklund E. Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction, J Chromatogr 2000; 902:227-250.
28
32. Dhobi M, Mandal V, Hemalatha S, Optimization of microwave-assisted
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessing the impact of wastewater irrigation on cobalt cadmium and lead contents of grains of Sorghum bicolor
The impact of waste irrigation on the concentrations of the metals Cd, Co and Ni contents in grains of Sorghum bicolor was investigated through analyzing (for three seasons 2008-2010s) four different-irrigation sorghum grains samples grown on four different-irrigation soil areas according to the experimental design. Two original soils: Soil, historically and experimentally, irrigated with Wastewater (SHEwastewater), and Soil, historically and experimentally, irrigated with wells water samples were analyzed in the 1st and 2nd seasons. According to the procedures used in the literature, Samples were collected, pretreated, preserved, digested according to the microwave assisted acids digestion procedures, and analyzed for metals by ICP-AES. Quality control was performed and %R(s) we have gotten were good for real samples analysis. Cd and Pb metal contents of the two types of the original soil samples were not significantly different. In addition, these metal contents of the two types of soil samples have not exceeded the upper EU standards. The average means (of 1st and 2nd seasons) levels of Cd and Pb of wastewater were higher than that of wells water. In addition, the average means of these metal ions of both wastewater and wells water was lower than Yemeni standard for irrigation water. Sorghum grains analysis results, for at least two of the three seasons, indicated that: wastewater irrigation resulted in an increase in Cd and Pb contents of grains of Sorghum bicolor. Moreover, there is no significant difference between the effect of wastewater and wells water irrigation on Co content of grains of Sorghum bicolor.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_29023_3f0b4f2b7a62e1c7e5f037a7fc8e5517.pdf
2019-06-01
90
98
10.21608/aps.2019.20255
Irrigation
Wastewater
Sorghum grains
analysis
wells water
Mohamed
Taher
mdmuthtaher@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahfoudh
Al-Hammadi
2
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Phytochemical Study on Olea europaea L. Olive Leaf Extract (cv. Koroneiki) growing in Egypt
Olea europaea is an evergreen tree, native to the Mediterranean region and well known for its edible fruits and oil. Recently much focus has been made on the leaves of the trees due to their high antioxidant property in addition to other therapeutic value. The leaves that are considered by-products during olive oil production are now an essential commodity in the nutraceutical industry. Koroneiki (Olea europaea L. cv Koroneiki) is one of the well-known Greek olive cultivars as the queen of oil-producing olive trees. Our study focuses on studying this tree growing in Egypt in regards to its total flavonoids (TF) and phenolic content (PPh) as well as antioxidant activity in 2 seasons in a comparative presentation. The average PPh for Koroneiki leaf extract was found to be 116.81±0.97 and 152.98±0.11 mg/g dried extract for autumn and spring respectively while TF was found to be 48.32±0.5 and 82.68±0.71 mg/g respectively. In autumn the oleuropein content was found to be 12.65±0.06 mg/100 g dried extract, while in spring marked an increase in oleuropein content reaching 92.25±0.26 mg/100 g was observed. The % inhibition of the free radical for autumn extract was found to be 86.56 %±0.39, while 90.09%±1.18 for spring. The results indicated that spring is the season of choice for leaf collection.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_45119_b5e924be02716e7e7a2c169abc69bf83.pdf
2019-06-01
99
105
10.21608/aps.2019.45119
Olea europaea
Koroneiki
Total flavonoids
phenolic content
Oleuropein
Eman
Kabbash
emmy_700@hotmail.com
1
National Organization for Drug Control and Research
AUTHOR
Iriny
Ayoub
irinyayoub@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Zeinab
Abdel-Shakour
zizishakour@yahoo.com
3
National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Phytochemistry department, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sherweit
El-Ahmady
selahmady@pharma.asu.edu.eg
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of esomeprazole and pantoprazole on renal function in stable kidney transplantation recipients: A randomized clinical trial.
Renal allograft survival requires the administration of multiple immunosuppressive drugs. This strategy may lead to gastric complications that necessitate gastro-protective medications, notably, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This study aimed to compare the effects of pantoprazole and esomeprazole on renal function in stable renal transplant recipients. A prospective, parallel, open-label clinical trial was performed with forty-seven adult renal transplant recipients receiving immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine (CSA) doses adjusted to attain trough concentrations of 100-150 µg/L, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) at 750 mg q12 hr and prednisolone at 5 mg daily at Nasser Institute, Cairo, Egypt. The enrolled participants were randomized into two groups, which received either esomeprazole or pantoprazole at the same dose (40 mg once daily). Renal function was measured at baseline and monthly for 6 months. The study was conducted between January-September 2016. Main outcome measures clinical signs of rejection reflected by renal function decline, assessed by elevated levels of serum creatinine. The mean serum creatinine level was significantly lower in the sixth month than at baseline in esomeprazole group (p 0.004); interestingly there was a continuous decrease of serum creatinine levels in esomeprazole group and nearly constant values in pantoprazole group. There was no significant difference in serum creatinine levels between the two groups. From this study, it could be concluded that esomeprazole may be preferred over pantoprazole in renal transplant recipients because it decreased serum creatinine which is one of the markers of chronic allograft rejection in stable renal transplantation recipients.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_45821_7fcf789ca0e25148a4ec343085319751.pdf
2019-01-01
106
115
10.21608/aps.2019.10411.1003
Allograft rejection
serum creatinine
Renal transplantation
proton pump inhibitors
gastric complications
Doaa
ElBohy
delbohy@gmail.com
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Magdy
El Sharkawy
melsharkawy35@gmail.com
2
Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo,Egypt
AUTHOR
Soheir
Abo-Elazm
soheiraboazm@yahoo.com
3
c Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo,Egypt.
AUTHOR
Sara
Shahin
drsara61181@gmail.com
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Waleed
Bchari
w.bchari@gmail.com
5
Department of Internal Medicine & Nephrology; Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo,Egypt.
AUTHOR
Azza
Manc
az_mancy@hotmail.com
6
Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Manal
El Hamamsy
m_elhamamsy@hotmail.com
7
Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Grade in Females with Colorectal Cancer Patients
The oxaliplatin-based regimen is considered an important standard of care for patients with colon cancer (CC). Neurotoxicity is the most relevant non-hematologic toxicity of oxaliplatin. The current study aimed to assess the association between colorectal cancer patient's (CRC) gender and susceptibility of oxaliplatin-induced sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy grades in Egyptian patients. All eligible patients between 18-75 years old with CRC were included in the study and only those who had a neurologic disease or diseases impairing neurologic function were excluded. Then eligible patients were stratified into two groups according to gender; oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) was evaluated and graded on day 1 of each chemotherapy cycle for 12 cycles according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE), version 4.0 from March 2015 to October 2017. From a total of 47 females and 33 males; 41(87.2%) females and 29 (87.9%) males suffered from different grades of sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy.Regarding sensory oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN), females had a higher risk of grade II-III PN than males (92.7% versus 58.6% respectively; p =0.001) For motor OIPN, females were more susceptible to grade II-III PN versus males (84.6% versus 56.5% respectively; p=0.015). In conclusion, High grade (grade II-III) Oxaliplatin-induced sensory and motor peripheral neuropathy occurred more frequently in females versus males Egyptian colorectal cancer patients.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_45822_c3fa5a4c29e368dd43786dbfac5b0a17.pdf
2019-06-01
116
122
10.21608/aps.2019.10411.2020
colorectal cancer
oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy
Females
males
Inas
Ahmed
1
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Lamia
Elwakeel
lamywak@yahoo.com
2
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amr
Tawfik
docshak76@gmail.com
3
Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Raafat
Abdel-Malek
raafat.malek@kasralainy.edu.eg
4
Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Detection of Medication Errors in Primary Care Units through Passive Voluntary Reporting Forms
The lack of a universally accepted terminology of what constitutes a Medication Error (ME), makes it difficult to report, detect, categorize and prevent MEs. Methodologically, there isn't a complete picture of the incidence and prevalence of MEs. The broad range of ME rates in literature reflects heterogeneity in the study designs and detection methods used. The current study aimed to detect MEs in reports received from Primary Care Units. A retrospective analysis was applied on such reports dated from March to November 2013 and some fatal cases are taken from 2014. All voluntary reports were included, excluded were errors not associated with drug use and pharmaceutical company reports. Eligible reports underwent assessment using predetermined criteria to pick up MEs. The criteria were applicable on 115 reports, in which MEs were detected. 60% (69/ 115) of ME cases were error cluster while 40% (46/115) were unknown due to either underreporting, lack of data or poor observation and correlation (p < 0.05). Only 7% (8/115) p < 0.001 of the reports were pregnancy cases. Moreover, errors associated with vaccine use accounted for 7% (8/115) of the cases while 93% accounted for errors from other drug use at p < 0.001. Long-term follow-up was needed but not done by the assessors in 41% (47 of 115) of ME cases at pvalue=0.05. Attachments were provided with the reports in 9% (10 /115) of the cases while the majority 91% (105/115) were not (p < 0.001). In conclusion, voluntary reporting is a major strategy to prevent MEs by learning from errors reported.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_71467_adf4ce6396874ec2aaf263ae976a7e1b.pdf
2019-06-01
123
129
10.21608/APS.2019.45300
Medication Errors
Passive Voluntary Reporting
Primary Care Units
Rowan
Ahmed
1
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nagwa
Sabri
nagwa.sabri@yahoo.com
2
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Manal
El Hamamsy
m_elhamamsy@hotmail.com
3
Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Amr
Saad
amr.saad@eda.mohealth.gov.eg
4
Former Head of the Egyptian Pharmaceutical Vigilance Center (EPVC), Egypt
AUTHOR