eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
54
69
10.21608/aps.2018.18735
28001
Original Article
The anti-anemic effect of dried beet green in phenylhydrazine treated rats
Shahenda Elaby
shahendamelaby@gmail.com
1
Jehan Ali
alijehan555@yahoo.com
2
Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Regional Center for Food and Feed (RCFF), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Phenylhydrazine (PHZ) and its derivatives were used firstly as antipyretics but the toxic action on red blood cells made their use dangerous. The aim of this study was to estimate the contents of iron and vitamins in different parts of beetroot as root and beet green (leave and stalk together) as well as their ethanol extracts. Then, the biochemical evaluation for the highest iron and vitamins contents as an anti-anemic effect against anemic rats caused by phenylhydrazine were studied. Anemia induction caused by intraperitoneal injection of phenylhydrazine at 40 mg/kg for 2 days. Rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10/group). Group, I fed a standard diet (normal control). Group II fed standard diet contained 5% dried beet green for normal rats. Group III fed a standard diet for anemic rats. Group IV fed a standard diet containing 5% dried beet green for anemic rats. It was assayed the complete blood count (CBC): red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and haematocrit percentage (HCT) as indices measured of anaemia as well as white blood cell (WBC) count at the third day (D3), twenty-one day (D21) and forty-two day (D42). Also, the activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), the levels of serum urea, uric acid, creatinine and malondialdehyde (MDA), plasma hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and total antioxidants capacity (TAC) contents were analyzed according to manufacturer's instructions. The dried beet green is a rich source of iron and vitamins contents. After feeding on standard diet containing 5% dried beet green for anemic rats, showed that levels of RBC, HB and HCT were increased and the WBC count was improved compared to anemic control group. The activity of ALT, AST, and ALP, the levels of serum urea, creatinine and MDA and plasma H2O2 content were significantly ameliorated while the TAC was significantly increased compared to the anemic control group. In addition, the results of the histological examination coincided with the results of blood analysis. We conclude that nutrition of 5% dried beet green for forty-two days is safe, non-toxic and reduces anemia.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28001_3e3f22acbc2816150d2b5e93a1634532.pdf
Beet green
anemic
iron
vitamins
phenylhydrazine
eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
70
77
10.21608/aps.2018.18736
28008
Original Article
Prevalence of carbapenem resistance among multidrug-resistant Gram-negative uropathogens
Ann Elshamy
ann.elshamy@pharm.asu.edu.eg
1
Khaled Aboshanab
aboshanab2012@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Mahmoud Yassien
myassien61@yahoo.com
3
Nadia Hassouna
nadia.hassouna46@hotmail.com
4
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, African Union Organization St., Abbassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogens have become a public health threat, especially in developing countries. Carbapenems are a class of antimicrobial agents often reserved for infections caused by MDR microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypic basis of plasmid-mediated carbapenem resistance among MDR uropathogens from one of the major clinical settings in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 150 bacterial isolates from patients suffering from urinary tract infections were collected from the Microbiology lab of El-Demerdash Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. All isolates were identified using standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by Kirby Bauer's disk diffusion method following the CLSI guidelines. Plasmids were extracted from MDR uropathogens that also showed carbapenem resistance to be used as templates for PCR amplification. The resulting amplicons were subjected to DNA sequencing. The extracted plasmids were also transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α to compare the phenotypic resistance of the transformants with that of the clinical isolates from which the plasmids were extracted. Of the 150 collected isolates, 116 (77.3%) were Gram-negative, 51 of which (44%) were MDR. Carbapenem resistance was observed in 16/51 (31.4%) of the MDR isolates, 12 of which harbored plasmids. The blaOXA gene was detected in the plasmids of only 9 MDR carbapenem-resistant isolates. From this study, it can be concluded that Gram-negative uropathogens show high rates of multidrug-resistance. The prevalence of MDR uropathogens that are also carbapenem-resistant has increased greatly over the past few years, and this resistance can be easily acquired by horizontal transfer.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28008_58bcb088b410a5065fc256868bf1e22a.pdf
eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
78
96
10.21608/aps.2018.18737
28012
Quality Assessment methods for Ginger (Zingiber officinale): A review
Mai Abdo
mai.tawfik@pharma.asu.edu.eg
1
Haidy Gad
haidygad@pharma.asu.edu.eg
2
Sherweit El-Ahmady
selahmady@pharma.asu.edu.eg
3
Mohamed Al-Azizi
prof_dean_zi@hotmail.com
4
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
The rhizome of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a commonly used edible vegetable, condiment, and spice that are used worldwide for culinary, nutritional, medicinal and industrial purposes. Its great medicinal and economical value provide a great possibility for contamination and adulteration. Closely related species are usually used mistakenly as ginger and are hardly differentiated. A proper method of quality control is required for its authentication and analysis. This review discusses various techniques employed for the quality control of ginger including different chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, DNA profiling in addition to the application of multivariate analysis. The advantages and drawbacks of each method are presented as well as recommendations for improved quality assessment.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28012_3b8525399bba098a8bd39159363f1486.pdf
quality control
Ginger
Zingiber officinale
eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
97
110
10.21608/aps.2018.18750
28027
Original Article
Optimization of polyphenol extraction from Vitis vinifera L. leaves, antioxidant activity and its correlation with amelioration effect on AlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s disease
Azza Matloub
matlouba2002@hotmail.com
1
Pharmacognosy Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
This research focused on optimization of polyphenol extraction from Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Flame Seedless) leave based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) scavenging capability in additional discussion of structure-activity relationship according to its amelioration effect on AlCl3-induced Alzheimer’s disease. The highest extraction yield was found for acidified aqueous solvents. While the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found for aqueous solvents. The hydroacetonic extract showed significantly superior content in total phenolic and flavonoid accompanied by highest DPPH scavenging capability than other tested extracts. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode-Array Detection (HPLC/DAD) analysis of extracts led to identifying catechin, rutin, isoquercetin, quercitrin, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol and myricetin for the first time in V. vinifera L. (cv. Flame Seedless) leaves. In addition, quercetin-3-O-β-D-arabinopyranoside was isolated for the first time from V. vinifera L., detected as a major flavonoid in all extracts. This study emphasized the role of solvents played in polyphenol extraction and antioxidant activity from V. vinifera L. (cv. Flame Seedless) leaves. The hydroacetonic extract mainly composed of flavonoidal compounds which could ameliorate AlCl3-induced cerebral damages and neurocognitive dysfunction. This may lead to the development of new nutraceutical and pharmaceutical agents used as anti-oxidative stress and neuroprotective agent on Alzheimer and aging diseases.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28027_0cad0f5002559699752da44f158fb2fb.pdf
Vitis vinifera
hydroacetonic extract
querectin derivatives
antioxidant
structure-activity relationship
eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
111
120
10.21608/aps.2018.18739
28019
Original Article
Assessing the impact of wastewater irrigation on some toxic heavy metals concentration in grains of Sorghum bicolor
Mohamed Taher
mdmuthtaher@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
The impact of waste irrigation on the concentrations of the metals Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn contents in grains of Sorghum bicolor was investigated through analyzing (for three seasons 2008-2010) four different-irrigation sorghum grains samples grown on four different-irrigation soil areas according to the experimental design. The two original soils: Soil, historically and experimentally, irrigated with Wastewater (SHEwastewater), and Soil, historically and experimentally, irrigated with wells water (SHEwells water), were analyzed in the 1st season. Wastewater and wells water samples were analyzed in the 1st and 2nd seasons. According to the procedures used in the literature, Samples were collected, pretreated, preserved, digested according to the microwave assisted acids digestion procedures, and analyzed for metals by ICP-AES. Quality control was performed and %R(s) we got were in the acceptable ranges for real samples analysis. Fe contents of the two types of soil samples were not significantly different. Cu and Ni contents of SHEwastewater were higher than that of SHEwells water whereas Zn content of SHEwastewater was lower than that of SHEwells water. In addition, not all metal levels of the two types of soil samples have exceeded the upper EU standards except nickel in SHEwastewater. The average means (of 1st and 2nd seasons) levels of Cu, Fe, Ni of wastewater was higher than that of wells water, but for Zn, the case is reversed. In addition, the average means of all metal ions of both wastewater and wells water was lower than Yemeni standard for irrigation water. Sorghum grains analysis results, for at least two of the three seasons, indicated that: wastewater irrigation resulted in an increase of nickel content of grains of Sorghum bicolor. Wells water irrigation resulted in an increase in zinc content. In addition, there is no significant difference between the effect of wastewater and wells water irrigation on copper and iron contents of grains of Sorghum bicolor.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28019_366bdec129d7063a75f33c2bddc11823.pdf
Irrigation
toxic heavy metals
analysis
wells water
eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
121
137
10.21608/aps.2018.18740
28021
Original Article
Antiviral, cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase activities of polysaccharides isolated from microalgae Spirulina platensis, Scenedesmus obliquus and Dunaliella salina
Abdel Nasser Singab
abselnasser.sengab@pharma.asu.edu.ege
1
Nabaweya Ibrahim
nabibrahim530@yahoo.com
2
Abo El-khair Elsayed
bokhair@msn.com
3
Waled El-Senousy
waledmorsy@hotmail.com
4
Hanan Aly
hanan_abduallah@yahoo.com
5
Asmaa Abd Elsamiae
samy.asmaa86@yahoo.com
6
Azza Matloub
matlouba2002@hotmail.com
7
1Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Abassia, Egypt
Pharmacognosy Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Algal Biotechnology Unit, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Water Pollution Research Department (Virology Lab), National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, 33 Bohouth Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
Pharmacognosy Dept., National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Quantitative estimation of vegetative and stress forms of Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus obliquus as well as vegetative form of Dunaliella salina revealed that S. obliquus constituted highest polysaccharide content than other tested microalgae. The isolated polysaccharides characterized as heterogeneous polysaccharides bounded protein by FT-IR, GLC and Elemental Microanalysis. These polysaccharides constituted of 47-66% of sugar and 14.88-41.06% of protein contents whereas galactose, mannose, glucose and rhamnose were represented as predominant sugar in isolated polysaccharides. The isolated polysaccharides were evaluated in vitro as antiviral, cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase properties. The non-toxic dose of isolated polysaccharides on Huh 7.5, MA104, BGM and Vero cell lines were determined. The S. platensis (CEM and HEM) polysaccharides have promising antiviral which reduced replication up to 50–87.6% of HCV genotype 4a replicon, coxsackievirus B4, rotavirus and herpes simplex type 1 virus at non toxic doses 1.8 and 1.5 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the isolated polysaccharides were assessed for in-vitro cytotoxic activity against MCF-7, HepG2 and HCT116 cell lines. The cytotoxic activity revealed that D. salina HEM polysaccharide show potent cytotoxic activity against HCT 116 cell line with IC50 64.2 μg/ml. Additionally, the isolated polysaccharides showed DPPH• scavenging activity in dose dependent relationship and D. salina HEM and S. obliquus CEM showed the significantly highest activity (308.16 and 308.69%, respectively) at 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, S. obliquus CEM and HEM polysaccharides exhibited the significant highest cholinestearse % inhibition activity. Microalgal polysaccharides have great therapeutically potential in drug development used as antiviral, antitumour, antioxidant and anticholinestrae agents in near future.
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28021_de2be11918bde5d9c661fa385fc5d5e2.pdf
microalgae
Polysaccharides
antiviral activity
Cytotoxic activity
antioxidant and anti-cholinesterase
eng
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
2356-8380
2356-8399
2018-12-01
2
2
138
151
10.21608/aps.2018.18741
28022
Original Article
Synthesis of amberlite XAD-2-ANSA resin for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace elements in food samples
Mohamed Taher
mdmuthtaher@gmail.com
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Education, Aden University, Aden, Yemen
A new chelating sorbent has been synthesized using Amberlite XAD-2 resin functionalized with 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid (ANSA) through –N=N– group. This sorbent, characterized by infrared (FTIR) spectra and optimized for sorption-desorption of the studied metal ions then, it was used as packing for the column for separation/ preconcentration of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel prior to their determination spectrophotometrically. Metal ions of Cd, Ni, and Co sorbed in the column were eluted one by one with 0.02 M, 0.10 M, and 0.20 M HCl acid respectively. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed procedure enabled the determination of Cd, Co, and Ni with detection limits of 0.98, 0.30 and 2.10 μg L− 1 respectively. The developed procedure was evaluated by the analysis of mixed metal ions Cd, Co and Ni solution contained 0.30, 30, and 1.25 µg respectively, and the percentage recovery was 95.5 – 104%. The procedure was applied to the analysis of food samples (grains of Sorghum bicolor), and the results obtained were compared with that of FAAS (before and after separation/preconcentration).
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_28022_32e7a1977ea6cc639e443cded0c06bac.pdf
Amberlite resin
Synthesis
analysis
food