@article { author = {Elnaggar, Yasmin and Tolba, Mai and Halawa, Mohamed and El-Demerdash, Ebtehal}, title = {Investigation of the Clinical Outcomes of Long-Term Vitamin D Supplementation in Egyptian Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {1-15}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.58439.1051}, abstract = {Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders Characterized by chronic hyperglycaemic condition resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the predominant form of diabetes and represent 90% of all cases of DM. Studies show that vitamin D (VD) has an important role in modifying the risk of T2DM, especially among insulin resistant diabetic patients. Recently a novel association between insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency has been proposed. Aim: In the current research we investigate the association between hypovitaminosis D and T2DM. Also we will study the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic status, oxidative stress status and inflammatory markers in T2DM patients. Methods and patients: forty T2DM patients with hypovitaminosis D were assessed for glycemic, inflammatory and antioxidants parameters. After 6 months of VD supplementation for the intervention group of patients (n=20), there was significant improvement in VD level, Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA - IR), Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbAIC), serum insulin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation has a promising effect on the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes as there is a significant improvement in glycemic , inflammatory and oxidative parameters in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients}, keywords = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus,Cytokines,Oxidative Stress,Vitamin D,Insulin Resistance}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176769.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176769_f10b3b11d3666f43a386cd22ea149d40.pdf} } @article { author = {Ramadan, Mohamed and Ali, Marwa and Albohy, Amgad and Zada, Suher and Tolba, Mai and Abu-ELElla, Dalal}, title = {Molecular Modeling Studies on Biochanin-A as a Potential Dual Inhibitor for VEGFR-2 and Cyclin D1-CDK-4 Complex}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {16-32}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.59204.1050}, abstract = {Biochanin-A is a known phytoestrogen that is mainly found in red clover. It has several biological activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Preclinical studies showed that Biochanin-A has anticancer properties in different cancer models. This effect was found to happen through a diversity of mechanisms inducing cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and antiangiogenic effects. Moreover, despite being a promising nature-derived anticancer agent, there is a paucity of information regarding specific target validation studies for Biochanin-A. In this study we first predicted the physicochemical properties of Biochanin-A using two different online tools (SwissADME and pkCSM), and then we performed an in silico molecular docking studies for Biochanin-A as a potential dual inhibitor for Cyclin-D1-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 complex and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2) which are key molecular targets for cancer therapy. The results suggest that Biochanin-A interacts with both Cyclin D1-CDK4 complex and VEGFR-2 with a docking affinity that is comparable to their standard inhibitors. These results open the door for further follow up investigations.}, keywords = {Biochanin-A,Cytotoxicity,docking,Cyclin-D1-CDK4,VEGFR-2}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176771.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176771_305261d1ec3b74ed196e019ba8f2ac22.pdf} } @article { author = {Elmelegy, Marwa and Abdella, Heba and El-Bakly, Wesam and Tolba, Mai and El-Demerdash, Ebtehal}, title = {Effect of Viscum album Extract on Angiogenesis Mediators and Cytokines in Egyptian Patients with Intermediate Hepatocellular Carcinoma}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {33-45}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.59403.1052}, abstract = {Background:Transarterial chemoembolization(TACE)is the most widely used treatment worldwide for intermediate unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).New systemic therapies have shown survival benefits but looking ahead to the future of systemic therapies is necessary to overcome low response rates, relatively high toxicity. Aim:The present study aimed to assess efficacy& safety of viscum album in Egyptian patients with intermediate Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage HCC compared to TACE. Patients and methods:Forty-five naïve intermediate HCC patients were enrolled in this prospective open label study. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups,viscum Group I,TACE/Viscum Group II and TACE Group III.Viscum has been prepared as an injectable aqueous solution containing one milliliter of viscum.Two viscum ampoules per week were subcutaneously administered for 8 weeks.All patients underwent laboratory investigations including liver function tests to assess deterioration in liver functions and triphasic spiral computed tomography to assess radiological response according to modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (mRECIST). Results:In all cases, chronic hepatitis C virus infection was the cause of liver disease.Stable disease was achieved in all patients.Toxicity,primarily in the form of local reaction&fever,was generally mild &well tolerated.No discontinuation or toxic deaths associated with drugs were observed.In HCC patients, serum levels of vascular endothelial cell growth factor(VEGF)&Tumour necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)were significantly elevated,whereas levels of Transforming growth factor-B(TGF-β)were lower compared to pretreatment values. Conclusion:In patients with intermediate HCC,Viscum Album is a secure treatment.For efficacy elucidation,Further randomized controlled trials with large numbers of patients are recommended.Treatment with TACE&viscum is associated with modulation of HCC patients with serum angiogenic,inflammatory cytokines.}, keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,viscum Album,TACE,VEGF,TNF-α,TGF-β}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176773.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176773_b848e86a6488146c8e248b7fb03518ae.pdf} } @article { author = {Nessem, Mina and Esmat, Ahmed and Azab, Samar and El-Demerdash, Ebtehal}, title = {The Experimental Effects of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Renal Injury in Mice Model}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {46-51}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.30593.1049}, abstract = {Acute renal injury (AKI) is a serious case with high mortality rate especially among hospitalized patients. It could be induced by sepsis, hypovolemia, atherosclerosis, and ischemia. Sepsis is caused mainly by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of gram-negative bacteria. The aim of current work was to assess the potential ability of LPS to induce AKI in mice as well as the probable mechanism. Experimentally, three different doses of LPS (2.5, 5 and 7.5 mL/kg) were evaluated. Results showed that LPS single dose (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) was optimum to induce AKI in mice. Moreover, LPS induced severe pathological injuries in kidney tissues. It significantly increased the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in LPS-exposed mice, demonstrating deteriorated kidney function. Notably, LPS increased tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in renal tissue homogenate, indicating its ability to initiate severe inflammatory cascade. In summary, LPS (2.5 mg/kg, ip, single dose) has a potential capability to induce AKI with inflammatory insult.}, keywords = {Acute kidney injury,Lipopolysaccharides,TNF-α,Inflammation,BUN}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176774.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176774_3aacd14d9f12a5aaac2f0996c5cd08c9.pdf} } @article { author = {Victor, Nermin and Elfiky, Haitham and Badawey, Amr and Abdelghany, Maha}, title = {Simultaneous Determination of Xipamide and Triamterene by First Derivative, Ratio Difference, and Derivative Ratio Spectrophotometric Methods}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {52-62}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.58496.1053}, abstract = {Validated, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric techniques were established for simultaneous determination of Xipamide and Triamterene. The first technique based on determination of Triamterene with zero-crossing of Xipamide using zero order method at 367.0 nm. The second technique based on determination of both Xipamide and Triamterene by first derivative method with zero-crossing of Triamterene and Xipamide respectively, at 265.6 and 388.6 nm. Third technique is ratio difference spectrophotometric method depending on obtaining peak amplitude difference at 256.0 and 273.0 nm for Xipamide and 288.0, 302.0 nm for Triamterene. Fourth method is derivative ratio spectrophotometric method depending on obtaining the first derivative of the ratio spectrum with zero-crossing of Xipamide and Triamterene at 365.2 and 308.6 nm; respectively. Linear relationship was obtained upon using concentration range (1.0-10.0 µg/mL) for Xipamide and (1.0-16.0 µg/mL) for Triamterene with LOD less than 0.3 µg/mL for both drugs. The suggested spectrophotometric techniques showed Lower LOD and more sensitivity other than any reported spectrophotometric methods and were applied in pure and dosage form (Epitens®).}, keywords = {Xipamide,Triamterene,Zero order,First derivative,Ratio difference,Derivative ratio}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176775.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176775_1874e92a6a7edb72d8a8e126ebea0796.pdf} } @article { author = {Mahfoz, Amal}, title = {Antidepressant Potential of Diphenyl Dimethyl Bicarboxylate (DDB) in a Modified Forced Swimming Test}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {63-70}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.76190.1060}, abstract = {Biphenyl Dimethyl Dicarboxylate (DDB); is an analogue of schisandrin C, a component isolated from Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis. It is now attracting growing attention for its polypharmacotherapeutic properties as an antiviral, hepatoprotective, and immunomodulator. It’s been additionally possessed neurobehavioral impacts on experimental animals. Thus, the wide use of DDB, along with its neurobehavioral impacts; has encouraged us to study its antidepressant potential using the forced swimming test (FST). Furthermore, the protocol for FST was modified by combining it with the tail suspension test. The effect of DDB (100 mg/kg/day, p.o., 7 days) on combined technique was evaluated against fluoxetine (15 mg/kg, i.p., single dose). In the end, the brains were dissected; serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) levels were measured. The results demonstrated that DDB decreased immobility in FST time as fluoxetine. Furthermore, DDB elevated 5HT, NE, and DA. DDB may be useful as a supportive antidepressant drug in hepatic diseased patients. However, more clinical studies are needed to ensure its safety.}, keywords = {depression,fluoxetine,DDB,forced swimming test,tail suspension test,serotonin,norepinephrine,Dopamine}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176776.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176776_b4b44a540ef59be88e70296fc5a4cca2.pdf} } @article { author = {Shakshak, Doaa and Ishak, Rania and Kamel, Amany and Mortada, Nahed}, title = {Appraising the Competency of Lipid Nano-Platforms as Non-invasive Paradigms for the Treatment of Ocular Inflammations: A Review}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {71-96}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.73530.1056}, abstract = {Ocular inflammation is one of the common ophthalmic disorders triggered by different underlying causes and affecting both anterior and posterior segments of the eye. The functional barriers within the eye greatly impede the efficient ocular drug delivery, and hence the efficient relief of inflammation. The conventional treatment approaches are often limited to the topical applications of eye solutions, suspensions or ointments, in addition to the intravitreal injections in case of diffuse inflammatory conditions. These strategies suffer from poor patient acceptance and compliance because of their ineffectiveness and lack of safety. During the past few decades, a research attention was focused on the development of innovative ophthalmic dosage forms. Lipid nano-platforms had particular importance in drug delivery in terms of safety, biocompatibility, sustainment of drug release, enhancement of drug bioavailability, and hence patient compliance. This review attempts to highlight the current state of lipid-based nanocarriers as a promising non-invasive approach in the management of superficial and diffuse ocular inflammations with special emphasis on their reported outcomes, and also to focus on future perspectives to fill the gaps in this area.}, keywords = {Eye,Inflammation,lipid-based nanocarriers,Topical delivery,non-invasive,anterior segment,posterior segment}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176777.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176777_2dbb5dd9818885d18561e248476707c1.pdf} } @article { author = {Salama, Salma and El-shimy, Reham and El-Mesallamy, Hala and Hamdy, Nadia}, title = {Clinical Significance of the Transcription Factor SOX11, Cell-Cell Adhesion Protein E-cadherin and Zinc Finger Protein BCL11A in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {97-110}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.75847.1058}, abstract = {Transcription factors (TFs) as SRY-Box transcription factor 11 (SOX11) and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) role in breast cancer (BC) as well as their effect on epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) membrane protein which is a metastasis suppressor is a question that must be addressed. Among the thirty-nine BC patients were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), twenty females with benign fibroadenomas and/or fibrocystic changes and nineteen healthy control. We quantified SOX11, E-cadherin and BCL11A serum levels in Egyptian women with BC and determined their cut-off values. The correlation between SOX11, E-cadherin and BCL11A sera levels and cancer antigen (CA15.3) as well as carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) were assessed and quantified by ELISA. Finally, we explored the association between SOX11, E-cadherin levels, and BCL11A as potential markers according to histo- and clinicopathological characteristics and hormones receptors. Significant increase in E-cadherin serum levels in the cancerous than the non-cancerous group (p  0.05). A significant decrease in SOX11 and BCL11A serum levels (p < 0.05) was detected in the non-cancerous group than the cancerous group. In addition, a decrease in SOX11 levels was observed in the later stage of BC cases, while earlier stage BC cases were associated with an increase in SOX11. In addition to the significant positive correlation (p < 0.05) between SOX11 and BCL11A proteins in blood suggesting a common inter-regulatory pathway. SOX11 has an excellent area under the curve (AUC) either solely or combined with CA15.3. Earlier stages in BC were associated with an increase in SOX11 serum levels (p < 0.05).}, keywords = {Adhesion proteins,E-Cadherin,BCL11A,SOX11,Proto-oncogene,TNBC,Transcription Factors}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176778.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_176778_4b49e925caaba197a480e8e87ec566ff.pdf} } @article { author = {Elhawary, Esraa and Mostafa, Nada and Milad, Rola and Singab, Abdel-Nasser}, title = {Botanical and Genetic Profiling of Three Rosa Varieties Cultivated in Egypt}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {111-127}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.73690.1057}, abstract = {Genus Rosa belongs to the family Rosaceae, and comprises 100 species with a lot of popular ornamental and medicinal plants. Roses are usually utilized as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, sleep aid and in skin diseases. This study aimed to explore the macro-and micromorphological botanical features of the stems and leaves of three Rosa varieties; Rosa banksiae var. banksaie Ait. (Bankasian Rose) (RBW); R. polyantha Thunb. ‘orange fairy’ (RPO) and R. polyantha Thunb. ‘white fairy’ (RPW) together with DNA fingerprinting utilizing RAPD-PCR assay and Hierarchal Clustering Analysis (HCA) for the DNA results. The three varieties share the common characters of family Rosaceae viz. compound leaves, colored flowers, and anomocytic stomata while they differ in the color of their flowers, leaflets size, the number of leaflets, and their shapes and types of calcium oxalate. RAPD assay was utilized to differentiate the three varieties genetically where primers OP-P-8, OP-P-10, OP-P-11, OP-P-12, and OP-P-14 showed the highest degree of similarity between RPO and RPW. HCA revealed the closeness of the two polyantha roses forming one cluster in the resulting dendrogram which differentiated them from the Bankasian rose. DNA assay and chemometric analysis were in accordance with the botanical profiling.}, keywords = {Rosa banksiae,Rosa polyantha,Rosaceae,DNA fingerprint,RAPD assay}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_177712.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_177712_65f43f6f21d9ac650b2b9d066091b2a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Sakr, Masarra and Ibrahim, Nehal and Ali, Sandy and Alzahaby, Nouran and Omar, Aya and Khairy, Walaa and Zohdy, Bassant and Qassem, Omar and Saleh, Sarra}, title = {Identification of potential quorum quenching compounds in Brassica oleracea var. capitata against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli clinical isolates}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {128-142}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.76856.1062}, abstract = {Over the last decades, the development of microbial resistance has become an alarming situation. This has urged the search for new antimicrobial strategies. In this context, two Brassicaceae edible plants; Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage) and Brassica rapa subsp. rapa (Turnip) were assessed for their antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and E. coli clinical isolates. Antibiogram analysis was done according to the CLSI 2019 guidelines and proved that both P. aeruginosa and E. coli clinical isolates were multidrug resistant. A green extraction methodology – assisted by microwave and ultrasound- was used to prepare the aqueous extracts. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was also carried out according to the CLSI guidelines. At sub-MIC concentration, cabbage extract showed promising results in the inhibition of quorum sensing mediated virulence determinants of P. aeruginosa. Highest reduction was observed in pyocyanin and rhamnolipid production. Chemical profiling via UPLC-ESI-MS analysis of cabbage extract revealed the presence of different glucosinolates together with iberin and sulforaphane. The in silico docking study was conducted and revealed the ability of sulforaphane and iberin to bind to LasR regulator responsible for quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa. These compounds thus represent potential candidates that can be developed into novel antimicrobial infection control tools.}, keywords = {Quorum sensing,Iberin,Sulforaphane,cabbage,resistance,docking}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_177713.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_177713_423579e3f2a2768ec582e43678fb8e1f.pdf} } @article { author = {Salah, Akram and El-Housseiny, Ghadir and Elleboudy, Nooran and Yassien, Mahmoud}, title = {Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: A Review}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {143-157}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.76105.1059}, abstract = {Antimicrobial resistance is a global crisis which requires urgent action to halt its spread. The rate of deaths due to antibiotic resistance from bacterial infection reached 25,000 annually. Resistance rates to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has risen to reach 40% and 56% respectively, in addition to high resistance rates of Acinetobacter baumannii to fluroquinolones and other antibiotics that reached 56%. So it has become an urgent need to establish robust programs to control antibiotic resistance and optimize the use of antibiotics in hospitals. In Egypt particularly, the rate of antibiotic resistance becomes high due to wrong traditions of dispensing and administration antibiotics in hospitals and pharmacies, all that drove us to build a program controlling all these obstacles. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are strategic programs to prevent development of microbial resistance and monitor prescription patterns of clinicians inside hospitals. In addition to minimize the toxic effects, overuse of antibiotics and improve the patient health, and minimize the emergence of antibiotic resistance in shadow of the lack of development of novel antimicrobial agents. In this review, we aimed to discuss antimicrobial stewardship programs, their core elements, clinical importance, essential requirements and their implementation in Egypt. In conclusion, the development of national guidelines for antimicrobial stewardship programs would be a useful step to help clinicians in making evidence-based treatment choices regarding antibiotic therapy and implementation of better antibiotic during pandemics. We hope this review help the medical staff to perform stewardship programs to control the antibiotic resistance in Egypt healthcare settings.}, keywords = {Antimicrobial stewardship programs,microbial resistance,Antimicrobial agents,hospitals,core elements}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179171.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179171_5c5aebdb5fa617a11803f330bd2b3d47.pdf} } @article { author = {Elsayed, Noha S. and Aboshanab, Khaled M. and Yassien, Mahmoud A. and Aboulwafa, Mohammad M. and Hassouna, Nadia A.}, title = {Scaling up, Kinetic modeling, and Economic analysis of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) production by Bacillus cereus isolate CCASU-P83}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {158-170}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.76831.1061}, abstract = {Background: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are environmentally friendly polymers produced by many bacteria under nutrient-limited conditions. However, their commercialization is hindered by the production expenses. The present study aimed at cost-effective and efficient production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) by Bacillus (B.) cereus isolate CCASU-P83. Methods: Through one factor at time optimization study on shake flask, B. cereus CCASU-P83 produced about 50 % polymer per dry weight after 48 hours incubation time. For better evaluation of the fermentation process, kinetic modeling using the Logistic and Leudking-piret models was applied. Results: A preliminary economic analysis was carried out and leads to a 30.8 % reduction in the total cost. In comparison to the findings obtained on the level of shake flask, scaling up to the bioreactor resulted in producing about 53% PHB per dry weight after only 24 hours incubation. These models concluded that B. cereus produced PHB during the growth phase. Analysis of molecular weight of the produced polymer displayed a 26900 g/mole molecular weight with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.1. Conclusion: B. cereus CCASU-P83 is a potential candidate for industrial production of PHB polymer using corn oil in a short incubation period which highly reduced the cost of the production process.}, keywords = {Polyhydroxyalkanoates,Logistic,Leudking,fermentation,Optimization}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179172.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179172_4cdbdb39fdec62d09d86d1a799e2200d.pdf} } @article { author = {El-Housseiny, Ghadir and Shams, Gina and Ghobashi, Zeina and Mamdouh, Rawan and Almaqsod, Israa and Saleh, Sarra}, title = {Optimization of antifungal activity by Bacillus subtilis isolate CCASU 2021-4 using Response Surface Methodology}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {171-183}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.80383.1063}, abstract = {Fungal infections represent an enormous load on the public especially with the development of resistance to the most currently used antifungal drugs in practice. In the present work, a bacterial isolate coded A3 was recovered from soil and was shown to express antagonistic activity against Candida (C.) albicans ATCC 10231. This isolate was identified as Bacillus (B.) subtilis subsp. spizizenii isolate CCASU 2021-4 using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. D-optimal design from response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the environmental variables affecting antifungal activity of the respective isolate. The optimum conditions were a temperature of 30 °C, a pH of 8 and an inoculum size of 5 x 107 cfu/ml, resulting in an enhancement in the antifungal activity by 1.2 fold. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, on an antifungal activity from B. subtilis subsp. spizizenii culture broth against human fungal pathogens along with its optimization through RSM.}, keywords = {Antifungal,Optimization,D optimal design,Bacillus subtilis sp,Response surface methodology}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179173.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179173_682490eed2886f4923c054286656bdeb.pdf} } @article { author = {Abdelfattah, Sally and Nasr, Maha and Ali, Abdelkader and Geneidi, Ahmed}, title = {Vesicular Systems Used for Wound Healing}, journal = {Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {184-203}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy}, issn = {2356-8380}, eissn = {2356-8399}, doi = {10.21608/aps.2021.73157.1055}, abstract = {Abstract When the skin is injured through physical, chemical, mechanical, and/or thermal damage, a spontaneous series of events start to happen, often called the “cascade of healing,” so as to restore the injured tissues, replace the damaged structures and prevent the invasion of pathogens into the damaged tissues. A number of traditional products are available for wound healing such as gels, creams, ointments, dressings and solutions, which depend mainly on moisture intake so as to help tissue repair, yet they do not provide optimal conditions to permit recovery of the wounds. Nanocarriers play a significant role in wound healing, since they are reported to improve drug delivery into the skin through alternation of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of drugs, hence they increase bioavailability of drugs. Vesicular systems such as liposomes, niosomes, transfersomes, penetration enhancer containing vesicles (PEVs) and ethosomes are among the carriers proven to enhance the therapeutic action of drugs applied for wound healing. In this review, we summarize and discuss different vesicular systems used for wound healing, their composition, their advantages and disadvantages, their methods of preparation and their mechanisms of skin penetration.}, keywords = {skin,skin structure,Wound healing,wound treatment,vesicular systems}, url = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179174.html}, eprint = {https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_179174_d720232e610c67133259058b6d5f105b.pdf} }