Molecular Dynamic Study and Synthesis of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide Derivatives as Inhibitors for Yellow Fever and Zika Virus Replication
Madonna
Mitry
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Amr
El-Araby
Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Ain Shams university
author
johan
Neyts
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
author
Suzanne
Kaptein
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
author
Rabah
Serya
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Nermin
Samir
Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Ain Shams university
author
text
article
2020
eng
Flaviviridae family comprises the flavivirus genotype that represents a significant world health problem as it includes the Yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) which are responsible for large outbreaks and for which novel therapies are in urgent demand. The benzimidazole scaffold has been widely reported for its antiviral activity, and hence a new series of 1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives (VIIa-x, VIIIa-h & IXa, b) was designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated for their antiviral activity. 5 Compounds (VIId, VIIe, VIIh, VIIn and VIIt) showed antiviral activity against YFV in the low micromolar range using the human hepatoma Huh-7 cells and Vero cells. One compound (VIId) exhibited activity on both YFV (EC50=1.7 ± 0.8µM) and ZIKV (EC50=4.5 ± 2.1µM). Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies were conducted to understand the SAR of newly synthesized compounds, to explore the potential target of compound VIId and to investigate the possible binding mode to its target.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
145
180
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135129_93fac39630c2bd99709b9f01765e0e86.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.34690.1036
Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir, Paritaprevir and Ritonavir plus Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Genotype-4 Patients on Hemodialysis
Mai
Abdelmen
Maadi Armed Forces Hospital, Cairo
author
Nagwa
Sabri
Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Sara
Shahin
Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Ashraf
Aboubakr
Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department El-Maadi Armed Forces Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Background: The ongoing standard treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a mixture of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Aim of work: the aim of this study is to analyse the efficacy and safety of oral interferon-free regimen of ombitasvir, and paritaprevir with ritonavir, given with or without ribavirin (OBV/PTV/R) for chronic hepatitis C GT4 patients with or without compensated cirrhosis and experiencing long-term hemodialysis. Patients and Methods: The study was a prospective, cohort, open label trial. Fifty patients were recruited and only 47 patients completed the study. All patients were given ombitsavir 25 mg, paritaprevir 150 mg, and ritonavir 100 mg(2X50mg hard gelatin capsules) in combination with 200 mg of ribavirin daily for 12 weeks. Primary endpoints were SVR12 (HCV-RNA Results: Out of the fifty patients who contributed in the study, only forty-four (88%) patients achieved SVR12. Three patients (6%) discontinued the Qurevo; one experienced interaction with valsartan, one suffered fatigue, severe HTN, dyspnea and severe anemia and the last was infected with pneumonia. Quervo resistance rate after therapy was (6%). On the other hand, the withdrawal rate of ribavirin was 31.5% among patients who received Quervo ribavirin combination. Conclusion: A 12-week administration of OBV/PTV/R with or without RBV is highly effective with appropriate safety profile amongst GT4 hepatitis C with or without compensated cirrhosis patients with haemodialysis.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
181
193
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135130_24ef88010738f7b320d38d7785c25f9f.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.35940.1037
Evaluation of Clinical outcomes of Generic versus Reference Ivabradine in Heart Failure Patients
Hadeer
Eid
Pharmacy Practice and Clinical pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
author
Hazem
Khorshid
Cardiology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Ahmed
Elsherif
Critical Care Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo-Egypt.
author
Ebtissam
Darweesh
Pharmacy Practice and Clinical pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
author
Nagwa
Sabri
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University
author
Naglaa
Bazan
Fellow and Head of Clinical Pharmacy, Critical Care Medicine Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Egypt.
author
text
article
2020
eng
Economic benefits associated with usage of generic drugs have been suggested to increase patients’ adherence to their medications and to improve patients’ health outcomes. However, the therapeutic equivalence of certain generic products to their branded counterparts has been questioned. Our study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of generic and branded ivabradine in adult patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (≤40%) (HFrEF). This was a randomized, open label, crossover, two period comparative study. A total of 32 patients with HFrEF were randomized into two groups. Group A received brand ivabradine® for 12 weeks followed by generic ivabradine for the next 12 weeks. Group B received generic ivabradine for 12 weeks followed by brand ivabradine for the next 12 weeks with no washout period. The efficacy outcomes included resting heart rate (HR), New York Heart Association Functional Classification (NYHA FC), Quality of life (QoL) using Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLWHF) and ejection fraction (EF). After taking the drugs for the first 12 weeks, no statistically significant difference was detected in all efficacy outcomes between Group A and Group B. After crossover and taking drugs for further 12 weeks, similar results were obtained. Only minor side effects, mainly phosphenes were observed in both products. No mortality was demonstrated in both groups. This study showed no statistically significant difference between the generic and brand ivabradine in terms of efficacy and safety. The results suggest that generic ivabradine can be a safe substitute for branded ivabradine for economic reasons.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
194
206
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135132_f0a1e71e4d6168719a7b759ce72b0d6b.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.43341.1041
Phytochemical investigation using GC/MS analysis and evaluation of antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the lipoidal matter of leaves of Sophora secundiflora and Sophora tomentosa
Shaza
Hussiny
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, 11829, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Ahmed
Elissawy
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo POX 11566, Egypt
author
Omayma
Eldahshan
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, POX 11566, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Mohamed
Elshanawany
Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Egypt
author
Abdel-Nasser
Singab
Department Pharmacognosy, Ain Shams University Vice President for Postgraduates studies and Research, Cairo, POX 11566, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
This study aims at investigation of the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the lipoidal matter of leaves of S. secundiflora (Ortega) and S. tomentosa L.. The saponifiable and unsaponifiable matter of S. secundiflora and S. tomentosa leaves were assessed using GC/MS analysis. Where, saponification of lipoidal matter of S. secundiflora and S. tomentosa leaves yielded 31.55%, 87.74% for unsaponifiable matter and 19.66%, 38.70% for fatty acids methyl esters of both species, respectively. The dominant compounds in the unsaponifiable matter of S. secundiflora were β-amyrin acetate 55.20% and α-amyrin 9.73%. Whereas n-nonacosane 43.80% and 2-methyltriacontane 11.94% were the main components in S. tomentosa. In the saponifiable fraction, the content of saturated fatty acids identified in S. tomentosa 58.37% is higher than S. secundiflora 29.0%, while the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids identified in S. secundiflora 62.67% is higher than S. tomentosa 34.51%. Methyl linolenate 36.62% and methyl palmitate 40.02% are the major compounds in S. secundiflora and S. tomentosa, respectively. The lipoidal matters were evaluated in vitro for cytotoxic activity towards HCT-116 carcinoma cell line using the MTT assay with IC50 value of 97.00 and 38.76 μg/mL for S. secundiflora and S. tomentosa, respectively. Using the technique of agar well diffusion, the lipoidal matter of S. secundiflora and S. tomentosa displayed moderate antimicrobial activity at conc. of 50 mg/mL.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
207
214
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135134_9250ce1ced236e07f7083ef24b4413b7.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.38371.1039
The effect of daily intraperitoneal injection of Deferoxamine in an acute model of Cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity
Mohamed
Elmazar
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt
author
Ebtehal
El-Demerdash
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Samar
Azab
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Reem
Elnaga
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Eman
Mantawy
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Mai
Abdelmageed
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Cisplatin is a major classical anticancer agents. However, cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity remains a major dose limiting side effect. Several studies has highlighted the role of catalytic iron content in several diseases including cispatin nephrotoxicity opening the doors for adding iron chelators as an adjunct therapy to cisplatin therapy. Since deferoxamine is the major approved chelation therapy in iron overload disorders, the current study was directed to exploring the possible nehroprotective outcomes of deferoxamine in an acute animal model of cisplatin induced renal injury. Male Spargue-Dawley rats were injected i.p. daily for 6 consecutive days with 3 different dose levels of deferoxamine as follows: 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. On day 3, cisplatin was injected i.p. as a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg and animals were sacrificed on day 7. Measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) showed that iron chelation by deferoxamine failed to improve kidney function as demonstrated by the consistent high creatinine and BUN levels in all the treated groups. Calculation of kidney indices further confirmed the previous measurements. Histopathological examination of the renal tissues of animals showed the development of tubular degeneration in all treated groups indicating the absence of significant nephroprotection. In conclusion, our results show that the daily i.p. injection of deferoxamine is not protective against cisplatin induced acute renal injury. However, the well-established body of evidence supporting the potential contribution of catalytic iron in cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity establishes the demand for investigating the potential nephroprotective effects of other established iron chelation therapies.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
215
223
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135135_8808a69882a8ebd9610ec086d6206084.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.42722.1040
Efficacy and Safety of Sorafenib Versus Supportive Care in Egyptian Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Noha
El Baghdady
Department of Clinical Pharmacy , New Giza School of Pharmacy, Giza, Egypt.
author
Lamia
Elwakeel
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, POX 11566, Cairo, Egypt
author
Mahmoud
Ellithy
Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University, Egypt
author
Nawal
Hussein
Medical Oncology Department, Electricity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.
author
Sara
Shahin
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, POX 11566, Cairo, Egypt
author
Abdel Rahman
El Naggar
Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Objectives: Sorafenib is the standard first-line treatment for HCC. No sufficient data exists regarding its efficacy in the Egyptian population being a costly medication that is not endorsed by insurance and hence is not used in most institutions. This study aimed to evaluate the overall survival [OS], progression-free survival [PFS] and quality of life [QOL] of Egyptian HCC patients receiving sorafenib versus supportive care. Design: A Prospective cohort observational study. Setting: Electricity Hospital, Medical Oncology Department-Ain Shams University, and Nasser Institute for Research and Treatment, Egypt Subjects: Fifty-five patients with HCC were eligible for enrolment in the trial. Eligible HCC patients were stratified into one of two groups based on institutions’ protocols for HCC treatment. Group (1) received supportive care [n= 20] and Group (2) received sorafenib [n=35]; the patients follow up were continued for one year after diagnosis. Main outcome measures: Patients’ survival, PFS, and QOL. Results: The one-year survival rates were 0.0% and 75.5% [p= 0.008] for group (1) versus group (2), respectively. The median PFS was 5 months and 12 months for group (1) versus group (2), respectively [p= 0.008]. The QOL of the sorafenib group was better than the supportive care group [p = 0.047]. The most common side effects with sorafenib were diarrhoea [42.8%] and hand-foot syndrome [34.2%]. In the sorafenib group, 48.57 % of the patients were requiring dose reduction. Conclusion: Sorafenib was an effective first-line therapy in Egyptian HCC patients with a superior QOL, OS and PFS than those receiving supportive care.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
224
236
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135136_e36b9c4b41799af63d3e829f5a781018.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.45180.1043
Facile one-pot synthesis of thiazol-2(3H)-imine derivatives from α-active methylene ketones.
Dalia
El-Sawah
Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.
author
Yasser
Loksha
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al-Arish, North Sinai, Egypt.
author
Eman
Elrazaz
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain shams University, Cairo POX 11566, Egypt.
author
Khalil
Abboud
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
author
Bradley
Webster
Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
author
Khaled
Abouzid
Department Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sadat University in Egypt,
author
text
article
2020
eng
A facile and efficient One-pot procedure was achieved for the synthesis of thiazol-2(3H)-imine derivatives through the bromination of some α-active methylene ketones followed by treatment with potassium thiocyanate and condensation with various primary amines in ethanol as one-pot four-step process. The α-active methylene ketones were symmetrical and asymmetrical ketones. The primary amines used were mostly aromatic amines and also benzylamine was used. This proposed method does not require the use of techniques such as extraction and chromatography. Surprisingly, the product from the reaction of 3-thiocyanacetylacetone and benzylamine was elucidated to be N-(3-benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-methylthiazolidin-2-ylidene)acetamide (2) and not the expected compound 1-(3-benzyl-2-imino-4-methyl-2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl)ethan-1-one (1),which was proved based on the existence of the methylene and hydroxyl group in the compound.The mechanism of the novel compound 2 was confirmed by subsequent chemical reactions, spectroscopic data and X-ray crystallography.The molecular structure of all newly synthesized thiazol-2(3H)-imine derivatives were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic dataand elemental analysis.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
237
248
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135137_e0d16c6dc168af646afc84173655a57a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.47968.1045
Inversely Calibrated Curvilinear Artificial Neural Network Model for Simultaneous Assay of Ternary Cardiovascular Drug Mixture
Miranda
Kamal
Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Egypt
author
Azza
Gazy
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
author
Marwa
Eljamal
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
author
text
article
2020
eng
Novel chemometric design, tailored for pre-clinical multiple drug screening, goals for bioanalytical future scope. A highly sensitive, non-linear multivariate Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is developed and applied for simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of three commonly concomitant cardiovascular drugs in laboratory made mixtures and spiked human plasma samples. Ticagrelor, Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide have been simultaneously quantified in the curvilinear ranges of 0-30 µg/mL, 0-10 µg/mL and 0-3 µg/mL respectively. Highly overlapping Near UV absorption spectra of three drugs, in the region of 215-280 nm, have been recorded 1-nm range in synthetic ternary mixtures and trained iteratively. By inversely relating the concentration matrix (x-block) with its corresponding absorption one (y-block), gradient-descent back-propagation ANN calibration could be computed and optimized. All proposed mathematical modeling was manipulated using MATLAB® 2007, reaching down to sixth order exponential Mean Square Error, MSE. To validate, independent set of ternary synthetic mixtures has been constructed and examined, where excellent recovery results has been obtained. Furthermore, application of suggested model to varying ratios synthetic ternary mixtures as well as spiked plasma samples has resulted in accurate, precise and robust estimations with no background interference. ANN method was compared to a reference HPLC method; Student’s t-test and F-variance ratio were calculated and showed insignificant difference. This chemometric approach is an eco-friendly green assay, time-saving, and economic method. It initiates a pathway for clinical drug screening through affordable spectroscopic instrumentation.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
249
252
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135138_c14f8c80e726971619ce20f188f53731.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.45025.1042
Skin cancer therapy: From conventional to nutraceutical based nanovesicular carriers
Mahitab
Bayoumi
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University In Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
author
Mona
Arafa
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University In Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt
author
Maha
Nasr
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo,POX 11566, Egypt.
author
Omaima
Sammour
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, POX 11566, Egypt.
author
text
article
2020
eng
Skin cancer has one of the highest incidences of any type of cancer with an increasing incidence rate worldwide. It is life threatening and has led to immense economic and human loss all over the world. The conventional treatment strategies have profound adverse effects, which necessitated the development of novel methods. Nutraceuticals are naturally occurring compounds, and they were reported to exhibit great efficacy in cancer treatment and prevention. Accordingly, topical delivery of nutraceuticals can be considered the most optimum approach for efficient and safe treatment of skin cancer. However, the utmost challenge to topical drug delivery is the impermeable nature of the skin which hinders drug penetration/permeation. Hence, the use of vesicular delivery systems for nutraceuticals has been a chief research area for years. In this review, we overview skin cancer with its pathogenesis, conventional treatment strategies and the nano-carrier based approaches for the delivery of nutraceuticals through the skin.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
253
269
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_135143_fb2a940906361a6e1c90e5e731ade54a.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2020.32587.1035
An Insight on atopic dermatitis therapy: from conventional to Lipid based nanocarriers
Layla
Hashem
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, POX 11566, Cairo, Egypt
author
Heba
Gad
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo POX 11566, Egypt
author
Omaima
Sammour
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo POX 11566, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common itching disorder that begins in infancy and may occur in persons with a family history of atopic disease. The disease is characterized by several changes in the epidermal layer with elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies and histamine. Until now, there is no evident treatment for AD disease; however, topical therapy including topical corticosteroids has been used in both children and adults. Although the preferable route is the topical route, the low penetration across the stratum corneum (SC) layer is the great challenge for researchers and scientists. Nowadays the available drugs have severe side effects and low skin availability. Nanocarriers including liposomes, nanoparticles, nano-mixtures, nanogels, nano-emulsions and others, offer a good solution to these problems. Nanocarriers enable treatment of different forms of dermatitis, enhance drug bioavailability at the site of inflammation, reduce the side effects and increase the safety profiles. Nanoparticulate systems can possibly enhance topical medication delivery because of their ability to upgrade the drug loading, dissolution, and protect the unstable drug from degradation. This review offers an overview of AD types, different management modalities, systemic versus topical treatment, in addition to different types of lipid based nanocarriers that have been investigated for the management of AD.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
271
289
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_136272_4a8c394eac4de43e86188a15ae20a7a4.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2021.53251.1048
A succinct review on the therapeutic potential and delivery systems of Eugenol
Muhammad
Eleleemy
Department of Pharmaceutics, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt
author
Basma
Amin
The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Cairo, Egypt
author
Maha
Nasr
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
Omaima
Sammour
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
author
text
article
2020
eng
Eugenol; a botanical bioactive substance in clove, basil, cinnamon, and nutmeg was reported to exhibit several therapeutic benefits. Eugenia caryophyllata (i.e; clove) is the major natural source of eugenol with about forty-five to ninety percent of its essential oil. WHO recommended eugenol as a safe, non-mutagenic drug; therefore, it has attracted the attention of many scientists. Two main aspects are dealt with in the current review article, the pharmacological potential of eugenol and the innovative novel delivery systems used for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of eugenol. In the former section, we summarized the therapeutic mechanisms/indications of eugenol, and in the latter section, we reported some nanotechnology-based carriers for the delivery of eugenol. Eugenol exhibits several pharmacological activities as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, analgesic, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, gastroprotective, and antihyperlipidemic. Several studies discussed combining eugenol with natural and synthetic drugs for enhancing their therapeutic effect with minimal side effects. The promising therapeutic activities of eugenol have led to the fabrication of novel eugenol-entrapped nano delivery systems as microemulsions, nanoemulsions, nanocapsules, solid lipid nanoparticles, liposomes, and ethosomes for further augmentation of its therapeutic activities as well exerting a sustained action. In conclusion, this concise review with some selected studies further complements the reports in the literature, stating that eugenol is a valuable compound in terms of its biological activities and that these biological activities can be enhanced by encapsulation in nanocarriers.
Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Ain Shams University, Faculty of Pharmacy
2356-8380
4
v.
2
no.
2020
290
311
https://aps.journals.ekb.eg/article_137363_6b1377e53b99373ea856089bae0f2a64.pdf
dx.doi.org/10.21608/aps.2021.50268.1047