Serum NLRP3 and S1P as Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Female Metastatic and Non-Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Fever diseases hospital, Damietta, Egypt

2 Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt

3 Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, National Cancer Institute NCI, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is considered the main cause of death in women worldwide. Overexpression of Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors in estrogen receptor (ER) negative BC patients is linked to poor prognosis. In vitro, the bioactive lipid metabolite S1P induced Nod-like receptor3 (NLRP3) dependent activation of caspase-1 and secretion of interleukin-1beta (IL-1).
Objective: Evaluate serum levels of S1P and NLRP3 to examine their potential as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for BC.
Methods: The study involved 26 metastatic BC patients, 30 non-metastatic BC patients, and 20 healthy control volunteers. NLRP3, S1P, and cancer antigen15.3 (CA 15.3) serum levels were analyzed using ELISA. Statistical analysis involved Mann–Whitney U, Kruskall-Wallis tests, and Receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.
Results: Serum levels of NLRP3 were significantly lower in non-metastatic than in metastatic BC (P < 0.001) and serum levels of S1P were significantly lower in metastatic than in non-metastatic BC and control (P < 0.001). Single ROC analysis showed that NLRP3 has a very good diagnostic value in early and late-stage BC (P< 0.0001), but a poor prognostic value in predicting metastasis (P=0.1392). In contrast, S1P has an excellent diagnostic value in late-stage BC (P <0.0001), and an excellent prognostic value in predicting metastasis (P<0.0001), but a poor diagnostic value in early-stage BC (P =0.1781). The diagnostic and prognostic value of the studied biomarkers improved by combining every two markers together (P<0.001).
Conclusion: NLRP3 and S1P could be promising novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of BC either used alone or in combination with CA 15.3.

Keywords

Archives of Pharmaceutical Sciences Ain Shams University
Volume 7, Issue 2
December 2023
Pages 334-347

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